Graphic syllogism

Exercise 18

If ♟ + ♟ = ♝

and ♟ + ♟ = ♞,

Then,

a. ♝ + ♝ = ♘♞

b. ♝ + ♝ = ♞♞

c. ♝ + ♝ = ♛

We conclude that a black bishop is equal to a black knight; therefore, two black bishops are equal to two black knights.

Answer: "b" (♝ + ♝ = ♞♞)

Exercise 19

■ + ■ = 8

■ = □

● = □

Then,

a. 4 = ●

b. 4 = □

c. ■ = ●

Answer: All choices (a, b, c) are true.

Exercise 20

♤ + ♧ = 10

♧ = ♤ + 2

♤ = ?

Replace the cloverleaf ♧:

♤ + ( ♤ + 2 ) = 10

Answer: ♤ = 4

Test 1